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    Storage devices

    • HDDs are traditional magnetic storage devices with rotating disks (platters) that store data. An actuator arm reads and writes data using magnetic heads.
    • Characteristics:
      • Capacity: HDDs offer high storage capacities at a relatively lower cost per gigabyte.
      • Speed: Slower access times compared to SSDs.

    2. Solid State Drive (SSD):

    • Description: SSDs use non-volatile flash memory to store data. They have no moving parts, resulting in faster read and write speeds.
    • Characteristics:
      • Speed: SSDs offer significantly faster access times and data transfer rates compared to HDDs.
      • Durability: Being solid-state, they are more resistant to physical shock.

    3. Hybrid Drives (SSHD):

    • Description: SSHDs combine elements of both HDDs and SSDs. They have a traditional HDD with a small integrated SSD cache for faster access to frequently used data.
    • Characteristics:
      • Balanced Performance: Offers a compromise between the high capacity of HDDs and the faster performance of SSDs.

    4. External Hard Drive:

    • Description: An external hard drive is a portable storage device that connects to a computer via USB, Thunderbolt, or other interfaces.
    • Use Cases:
      • Backup: External drives are commonly used for backup purposes.
      • Additional Storage: Provide extra storage capacity for files, photos, and videos.

    5. USB Flash Drive:

    • Description: Also known as thumb drives or pen drives, USB flash drives are small, portable devices that use flash memory for data storage.
    • Characteristics:
      • Portability: Compact and easy to carry.
      • Plug-and-Play: No external power source required; plugs into USB ports.

    6. Memory Cards:

    • Description: Memory cards are small, removable storage devices commonly used in cameras, smartphones, and other portable devices.
    • Types:
      • SD Cards: Commonly used in cameras and portable electronics.
      • MicroSD Cards: Smaller version used in smartphones and certain devices.

    7. Network Attached Storage (NAS):

    • Description: NAS is a storage device connected to a network, providing shared storage accessible by multiple devices.
    • Use Cases:
      • File Sharing: Allows multiple users to access and share files.
      • Backup: Can be used for centralized backup solutions.

    8. Cloud Storage:

    • Description: Cloud storage involves storing data on remote servers accessed over the internet. Users can access their files from various devices.
    • Characteristics:
      • Accessibility: Data can be accessed from anywhere with an internet connection.
      • Scalability: Users can often increase storage capacity as needed.

    9. Optical Disc Drives:

    • Description: Optical disc drives use laser technology to read and write data on optical discs such as CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs.
    • Use Cases:
      • Media Playback: Used for playing CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray movies.
      • Data Backup: Can be used for archiving and backup.

    10. RAID Arrays:

    • Description: RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) arrays involve combining multiple storage drives to improve performance, reliability, or a combination of both.
    • RAID Levels:
      • RAID 0: Striped array for increased performance.
      • RAID 1: Mirrored array for data redundancy.
      • RAID 5: Striped with parity for a balance of performance and redundancy.

    11. M.2 and PCIe SSDs:

    • Description: M.2 and PCIe SSDs are solid-state drives that connect directly to the motherboard using the M.2 or PCIe interface, providing high-speed data transfer.
    • Characteristics: